Types of Operating Systems

Types of Operating Systems

There are different types of operating systems, including:

Batch Operating System (OS)
Multiprogramming Operating System (OS)
Time-Sharing OS
Multiprocessing OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Real Time OS
Embedded OS

Batch Operating System

It doesn’t let users interact directly with the computer. Instead, an operator groups similar jobs together into batches based on their requirements. This system is designed to handle and execute large numbers of jobs well by processing them in these groups. Users prepare their jobs on offline devices like punch cards and submit them to the operator, who then organizes and processes the jobs in batches.

Advantages of Batch Operating System:

Multiple users can share the system.
The system has minimal idle time.
It’s efficient for managing and processing large, repetitive tasks.
Processors know how long a job will take when it’s in the queue.

Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:

Batch systems are difficult to debug.
They can be costly to operate.
Operators need to be familiar with the system.
If a job fails, other jobs may have to wait an unknown amount of time.
It's hard to predict exactly how long a job will take to complete while it's in the queue.

Example: IBM's MVS

Multi-Programming Operating System

It allows more than one program to be in the main memory at the same time, and any of them can be running. This helps make better use of resources. It lets a single processor handle multiple jobs at once, ensuring the CPU always has something to do. This type of OS uses job scheduling and CPU scheduling to manage tasks

Advantages of Multi-Programming Operating System:

more tasks are complete.
Reduces response time.

Disadvantages of Multi-Programming Operating System:

There’s no user interaction with the system's resources.

Multi-Tasking Operating System

A Multi-Tasking Operating System can run several programs at once. It uses a scheduling method to switch between tasks smoothly. There are two types of multi-tasking systems: Preemptive and Cooperative.

Advantages:

Runs multiple programs at the same time.
Manages memory well.

Disadvantages:

Can overheat with heavy use.

Time-Sharing Operating Systems

Time-Sharing OS gives each task a set amount of time to run before switching to the next. It’s also known as a multi-tasking system. Each task, whether from one or multiple users, gets a fair share of CPU time.

Advantages:

All tasks get equal time.
Reduces CPU idle time.
Fewer chances of software duplication.

Disadvantages:

Reliability issues.
Security and data communication problems.

Examples: Multics, Unix.

Distributed Operating System

A Distributed OS connects multiple independent computers that communicate over a network. Each system has its own CPU and memory. Users can access files or software from any connected system.

Advantages:

Failures in one system don’t affect others.
Faster data exchange.
Scalable and efficient.

Disadvantages:

Network failure disrupts communication.
Expensive and complex.

Examples: Locus, DYSEAC.

Network Operating System

A Network OS runs on a server and manages data, users, and resources across a private network. It allows shared access to files, printers, and applications.

Advantages:

Stable servers.
Centralized security.
Easy integration of new technologies.

Disadvantages:

Expensive servers.
Dependence on the central server.
Regular maintenance needed.

Examples: Microsoft Windows Server, UNIX, Linux.

Real-Time Operating System

A Real-Time OS processes and responds to inputs within strict time limits. It’s used in systems where timing is crucial, like in missile systems or air traffic control.

Types: